The Benefits of E

The Benefits of E Abstract In this paper, a critical review of e-contracting is conducted. This is achieved conducting a background analysis of the concept of e-contracting in which the benefits associated with e-contracting are highlighted. The method used to achieve this is literature review. The author asserts that there are a number of challenges associated with e-contracting.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Benefits of E-contracting specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As a result, it is vital to minimize these challenges so as to achieve the benefits of e-contracting. The author identifies a number of e-contracting challenges on which he formulates a set of hypothesis. Some of the challenges which the firm evaluates relates to modeling and representing contractual relationship, negotiation, monitoring, and contract management. Finally, a conclusion of the entire study is given together with a recommendation for further research to be conducted in order to seal the existing gaps. Introduction According to Grefen (2010, p.19), contracts form the basis upon which businesses establish formal relationship with various stakeholders. Traditionally, physical documents such as papers were used as evidence of an existing contract between two or more parties. However, the 21st century has witnessed rampant technological growth (Angelov, 2005. p.54). Some of the technological fields which have witnessed rampant growth include software development and telecommunication. Currently, communication is not limited by geographical and time constraints. Due to technological advancement, it is possible to exchange information more easily and rapidly. The high rate of technological innovation has led to emergence of electronic commerce which entails undertaking all business processes electronically. As a result of growth in electronic modes of collaboration between firms, business contracting has also been affected thr ough emergence of a new modes of collaboration referred to as electronic contracting [here after referred to as e-contracting] (Angelov, 2005. p.54). E-contract refers to a contract which is designed and executed through a software system. In e-contracts, business contracts are designed using computer programs which make it possible to automate the respective business processes. It is possible to map e-contracts to other related computer programs.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, e-contract programs cannot be able to deal with complex relationship arising between the various parties to the contract. The concept of e-contracts is similar to that of traditional contracts.In e-contracts, the vendors offers their product and the respective terms such as price to potential buyers. On the other hand, the buyers evaluate the terms, and negotiate the price . After this, they are able to order the particular product or service and make payments. However, all these activities are conducted electronically. In an effort to improve their operational efficiency, firms in different economic sectors such as the construction industry are increasingly incorporating e-contracting in their operation. This arises from the benefits associated with e-contracting. However, there are a number of challenges associated with e-contracting. In order to gain insight on these challenges, the researcher identifies and analyses some of these challenges. To evaluate e-contracting challenges effectively, the researcher have adopted a number of null hypothesis. All the hypotheses are based on the various elements of a contract as outlined below. Modeling and representing business contractual relationships using e-contracts is a challenging task. There are a number of hindrances which affect e-contract negotiations. Monitoring e-contracts is challenging compared to monitoring physical contracts. There are a number of issues which hinder e-contract management. By understanding these challenges, this paper will contribute towards management teams of firms which have adopted e-contracting developing strategies aimed at eliminating challenges. This arises from the fact that they will appreciate the effects of these challenges on their contractual relationship. For example, poorly developed e-contract can result into financial and legal implications on the parties to the contract. Therefore, understanding the contract will culminate into improvement of the firms’ overall operational efficiency, for example by strengthening contractual relationships. Background and history of e-contracting Through e-contracting, a firm is able to undertake a number of activities associated with contracting purely in an electronic environment. For example, the parties to the contract are able to undertake negotiations via electronic communication methods. Upon the parties to the contract coming to a consensus and a contract being established, each of the parties to the contract manages the various activities electronically.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Benefits of E-contracting specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For example, the parties may incorporate online collaboration systems in various communication processes such delivering contractual notices. In addition, e-contracting enables the collaborating parties to undertake necessary contractual amendments. This makes the process of contracting to be more efficient. According to Camarinha-Matos, Afsarmanesh and Ollus (2008. p. 193), traditional contracting involves human actors and is considered to be slow while e-contracting is faster and cost effective. E-contracting does not result into changes of the businesses processes. It is only the efficiency of the contracting process which is improved. E-con tracting mainly involves two main processes which include contract formation or establishment and contract enactment. According to Xu and Vrieze (2010, p. 3), contract formation involves a number of activities which include identification, negotiation, checking, and validation of all the contractual parties. On the other hand, contract enactment or performance involves monitoring contract performance. Grefen (2010, p.19), asserts that there has been emergence of new business settings over the past few years which require new contracting paradigm. To align themselves with the changes in the environment, firms are considering incorporating e-contracting in their operation. E-contracting process is distinct with regard to the result. This arises from the fact that e-contract is developed as a semi structured document which can be in various formats such as Microsoft Word, XML, or PDF formats. Some of these include XML based words, clauses and sentences. In addition, e-contracts are com posed of semi-structured information. In addition, some electronic contracts attain legal status through digital documents. According to Xu (2004, p.3), legal e-contracting is aimed at establishing a contractual document which addresses the intentions of all the parties.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to Xu and Vrieze (2010, p. 3), es of these aspects relate to development of the first contract models and frameworks. In addition, Legal and regulatory frameworks were also instituted. This period also saw the development of concepts such as the digital signature, certificate authority and certificate mechanisms. Other es of these protocols include the Transport Layer Security and the Secure Socket Layer (O’Shea et al, p. 14). In addition, lack of effective encryption and decryption by the parties involved can result into the transmission being hacked. In addition, some of the e-contracting negotiation platforms such as the email do not offer a comprehensive system which can be used in auditing electronic records. This means that the evidentiary value of e-documents and records is diminished. The resultant effect is increased inefficiencies with regard to disclosure process if a dispute occurs (O’Shea et al, p. 14). This illustrates the fact that each of the e-contracting stages results into emergence of security and legal risks. An example of industries which have increasingly incorporated the concept of e-contracting in their operation is the construction industry. In order to minimize the associated risks, it is vital for the management teams of these firms to take into account the associated risks. To eliminate these risks, construction companies should ensure that their e-contracting system is well configured. This can be achieved by considering a number of security goals which include confidentiality, integrity, authenticity, availability and cryptographic non-repudiation. Confidentiality will entail ensuring that only authorized parties can read the details of the contract. The integrity of the e-contracting system entails ensuring that the e-contract documents are not modified, deleted or duplicated. On the other hand, authenticity entails ensuring that individuals who have access to the e-contracting system are the real parties to the contract. Availability entails ensuring that the parties to the contract can access the e-contracting systems and other e-contract documents (O’Shea et al, p. 14). E-contracting challenges on monitoring Contract monitoring refers to the process of analyzing the activities conducted by the parties to the contract. This aids in detection of any possible contract violations (Meersman Tari, 2007, p. 303). According to Camarinha-Matos, Pereira and Ribiero, (2010, p. 85), it is necessary for the parties to the contract to closely watch the activities of the collaborating parties. This will aid in ensuring that the activities by the parties are according to the stipulations of the contract. Contract monitoring can be classified into two. These include proactive monitoring and reactive monitoring. In the proactive monitoring, it is possible to identify any anomalies and take necessary actions to avoid their occurrence. In reactive monitoring, the parties responsible for the occurrence of the anomalies are identified. In this case, compensation to the affected party is necessary. One of the purposes of electronic contract is to clearly distinguish what is expected from the collaborating parties (Xu Vrieze, p.4). In addition, the contract also stipulates the acceptable behavior. During the contract fulfillment phase, messages related to the contract are transmitted through the established network. These messages can be used as a source of additional information to aid in pro-active monitoring. However, e-contract monitoring is challenging since most of the networks being used in the e-contracting process of on automation of the entire process instead on developing services which would aid in supporting contract fulfillment. Some of the services considered to support contract fulfillment include monitoring. Lack of these services limits the effectiveness of creating a trustworthy electronic commerce environment. E-contract challenges on contract manageme nt Over the past few decades, the concept of contract management has increasingly become prominent. This is mainly so amongst project oriented companies such as construction firms. Demand for contract management has resulted from the fact that the business environment is experiencing rapid changes. As a result, it has become paramount for firms to be effective and efficient in how they manage their contracts. In an effort to move with the market changes, firms are incorporating e-contract management systems. An effective electronic contract management system should have the capacity of supporting the firm’s networking development. In addition, the system should be effectively distributed and connected to the internet. Camarinha-Matos, Afsarmanesh and Ollus (2008. p. 193), asserts that the system should support end to end integration. In addition, other features which should be ensured include flexibility, security and accessibility. This will increase the systems efficiency i n handling complex contracts. According to Xu and Vrieze (2004, p.5), there are various aspects associated with contract management. Xu and Vrieze are of the opinion that contract management should involve establishment of a single repository. In addition, contract management also involves tracking the performance of each contractual partner. This should be achieved through incorporation of Key Performance Indicators (KPIs). The information obtained should be used to determine the necessary improvement actions and establishment of ranks. In addition, contract management also entails informing and reminding the partners on the milestones. Contract management entails ensuring that parties to the contract honors the contract terms (Betts, 1999, p.76). Through contract management, a firm is able to save on its operating costs. Despite the fact that e-contracting is considered to be cheap, there are some challenges which may result. This is mainly experienced if the firm has entered into a number of contractual agreements with firms which have adopted different electronic commerce standards. In such a case, it becomes difficult for the firm to manage the contract. This arises from the fact that the firm will be required to monitor the operations of every party which is a daunting task. In addition, the firm may not be able to maximize the expected benefit in the contractual relationship. This arises from difficulties in its effort to minimize potential costs and determining the cost of the contract violation. According to Xu and Vrieze (2004, p.6), multiparty contractual relationships may result into loss of variable information. In addition, e-contracts involving a large number of parties result into increment in the degree of complexity. This arises from the fact that the large number of collaborating parties makes the relationships to be hidden. In addition, it becomes difficult to manage e-contracts involving multiple partners with regard to modeling the contra ct and identification of responsible parties. Xu and Vrieze (p. 6) further assert that multi-party e-contracting is challenging with regard to provision of extra services such as monitoring. Conclusion As a result of technological innovation, firms are increasingly being pressurized to improve their operational efficiency. One of the technological innovations which have affected firms entails the emergence of electronic commerce. In an effort to attain their profit maximization objective, firms are integrating online services in their operation. E-commerce has also affected other business processes such as contracting. This is evident in the fact that firms in different economic sector are increasingly incorporating the concept of e-contracting in their operation. Through e-contracting, firms are able to enter into business contract with various parties electronically. The shift is also associated with the benefits resulted from e-contracting. For example, through e-contracting, a f irm can be able to minimize the costs involved in contracting. Additionally, electronic contracts result into reduction in paper work. A firm’s operational efficiency is significantly improved as a result of incorporating electronic contract. This arises from the fact that human errors which may occur during traditional method of contracting as eliminated. Electronic contracting also minimizes risks associated with contractual agreement established over public networks for example the internet. This arises from the fact that issues such as confidentiality, authenticity, integrity and security of the contract may be compromised. It is also possible to re-use content after the contract is closed in addition to provision of a machine-processible document. E-contracting will also result into improvement of business relationships thus minimizing legal and financial risks. The resultant effect is that e-commerce will be greatly enhanced. Through e-contracting, there is a high proba bility of firm’s improving their productivity and hence their competitiveness. Despite these benefits, there are a number of challenges associated with e-contracting. This means that it is necessary for firm’s to consider ways on how to eliminate these challenges. These challenges are related to technical, legal and business perspectives. For instance, for e-contracts to be effective, it is necessary for there to be effective modeling and representation of the contractual relationship. This presents a challenge to most firms since they may not be acquainted with e-contract modeling knowledge. In addition, firms may be required to have the necessary web-technology. E-contracting is also faced with a challenge with regard to negotiation. Contract negotiations ensure that all the parties to the contract are acquainted with sufficient understanding of their obligations to the contract. Contract negotiation may be compromised for a number of reasons. One of them arises from the fact hat there are various electronic platforms upon which e-contracting negotiations can be conducted. Some of these platforms such as the email may pose a threat to the contract with regard to confidentiality. This is mainly so if the security protocols are not well configured. Therefore, e-contract negotiations require the support of other technologies in order to improve security, confidentiality, integrity and authenticity of the contract. The success of an e-contract is also determined by the efficiency with which the collaborating parties monitor the activities of the parties involved. However, monitoring e-contracts may not be effective due to lack of the necessary support services. E-contract management is also challenging if the parties to the contract have adapted different e-commerce standards. In order to deal with the challenges associated with e-contracting, it is necessary for further research to be conducted. These studies should focus on the best way to seal t he challenges associated with e-contracting. In order to succeed in their e-contracting processes, firms should continuously evaluate the external environment in order to identify possible technological changes. This will enable them to update their e-contracting systems appropriately hence improving their operational efficiency. The resultant effect is that the firms will be able to maximize on the benefits associated with e-contracting. Reference List Angelov, S., 2005. Foundations of B2B electronic contracting. Eindhoven: Technische Universiteit. Burgwinkel, D., 2002. Decision support in electronic contract management: preceding of  the international conference on decision making and decision support in the internet age. Oxford: Oxford University. Betts, M., 1999. Strategy management of IT in construction. New York: Blackwell. Camarinha-Matos, Afsarmanesh, H. Ollus, M., 2008. Methods and tools for  collaborative networked organization. New York: Springer. Camarinha-Matos, L. , Pereira, P. Ribiero, L., 2010. Emerging trends in technological  innovation. New York: Springer. De Marco, T.1990. Controlling software projects: management measurement and  estimation. NY, Yourdon Press. Gardner, A., 1987. An artificial intelligence approach to legal reasoning. Massachusetts: MIT Press. Grefen, P., 2010. Mastering e-business. Massachusetts: Taylor and Francis. Howard R., 1998. Computing in construction: pioneers and the future. New York: Butterworth-Heinemann. Lee, R., 1998. Towards open electronic contracting. EM – Electronic Markets. Vol. 8, issue 3,   pp. 3-8. Marjanovic, O. Milosevic, Z., 2005. Towards formal modeling of e-contracts. Sydney: University of New South Wales. Milosevic, Z. Bond, A., 1995. Electronic commerce on the Internet: what is  still missing. Honolulu, Hawaii: INET95. Meersman, R. Tari, Z., 2007. One the move to meaningful internet systems. New York: Springer. O’Shea, K. et al., 2008. E-contracting: security and le gal issues. Queensland: Queensland University. Roddick, J., 2006. Advances in conceptual modeling-theory and practice. New York: Springer. Sommerville, J. Craig, N., 2006. Implementing IT in construction. Washington: Taylor and Francis. Sun, M. Howard, R., 2004. Understanding IT in construction. New York: Routledge. Teamwork and Online Collaboration Solutions, n.d. eTenderer: a revolutionary online  procurement system. Web. Web. Xu, L., 2004. Monitoring multinational party contracts for e-business. Sydney: Paul de Vrieze. Xu, L. 2004. Monitoring Multi-party Contracts for E-business. Tilburg: University of Tilburg. Xu, L. 2004b. A Multi-party contract model. Tilburg: University of Tilburg. Xu, L. Vrieze, P., 2000. E-contracting challenges. Sydney: CSIRO ICT Center.

Government Sales and Auctions

Government Sales and Auctions What does the U.S. government have going for it when it comes to public sales and auctions? Diversity. From Treasury bills to wild horses and houses, you name it and a government agency probably sells it.Best of all from the consumers standpoint, the government is not out to make a profit, so most items are sold at or below cost or fair market value.Plus, purchasing from the government helps to defer ​the  cost of running the government, which saves taxpayers dollars. Personal Property Sales Some of the best buys available can be found in government sales of personal property. Boats, cars, planes, jewelry, mineral rights, animals and more. Be sure to visit the GSAs Auction SuperSite. Auto Sales Its easy and economical to purchase a pre-owned vehicle from the U.S. government. Join the thousands of people who buy at government auto auctions. Real Property/Real Estate Houses, land, apartments and commercial buildings, farms and ranches. Includes links to information on buying homes from HUD. Into the money market? Financial Assets Treasury bonds, savings bonds, securities, etc. Miscellaneous Sales and Auctions Stamps, coins, jewelry, collectables, souvenirs and more. Buying Advice Before you whip out the plastic, there are  some important basic tips and information you need to know about buying merchandise or property in government sales and auctions: Guide to Federal Government Sales This document from the General Services Agency (GSA) delivers the factual information you need to participate in the Federal Government’s various sales and auction programs. It also helps combat the many misleading advertisements that offer to sell consumers inside information about Federal Government sales and auctions. Buying Raw Land As the Interior Department says, homesteading is a thing of the past, and you will not find free land or land for A-Dollar-an-Acre, but the federal government does sell land. Lands identified as excess to the publics and Governments needs or more suited to private ownership are sometimes offered for sale. The federal lands sold by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) are generally unimproved rural woodland, grassland or desert parcels located mostly in the western states. The parcels are typically not served by utilities like electricity, water or sewer, and may not be accessible by maintained roads. In other words, the parcels for sale are truly â€Å"in the middle of nowhere.† Buying Used Government Property When items are no longer needed by the federal government, The General Services Administration (GSA) stretches your tax dollar by offering them for sale to the public. GSA sells a wide variety of items that would interest both individuals and businesses. Look here for details and addresses of GSA sales facilities across the nation. How to Buy Surplus Military Property Various commercial firms sell literature regarding the sale of Department of Defense (DoD) property and/or advertise sales of DoD property, and suggest that DoD sells real estate, jeeps, confiscated and seized properly. DoD does not sell these items. The type of property DoD does sell, how it may be purchased is explained in this pamphlet.

Love and Morality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Love and Morality - Essay Example The story is based on two individuals who have different and separate lives but who have not experienced true love until they meet one another while on vacation in Yalta; this puts them in a state where they are obligated to choose between continuing their lives as they were before they met when they separate or find a means of exploring their love further, which leads to the development of an affair as both characters are married. It is through the decision to continue the affair that the story shows that true love cannot be ignored by those affected by it. The story brings to light the characteristic that true love is unexpected and cannot be planned ahead of time. This is seen in various parts of the story whereby neither Gurov nor Anna expect to fall so deeply for one another as shown in statements such as â€Å"A month or so would pass and the image of Anna Sergeyevna, it seemed to him, would become misty in his memory, and only from time to time he would dream of her with her touching smile as he dreamed of others† (146.) Gurov assumed that he would be able to easily forget the woman he met while on vacation once he got back to his normal routine but soon found out that this was not possible and to his surprise as time passed on he found he was still not able to stop thinking about Anna. This is seen in the statement, Both characters had gone to Yalta on vacation with no expectations of finding love but as a result of circumstantial meeting ended up finding an individual that they could see themselves spending their entire lives with. The correlation between love and morality also plays a part in the story as well; both Anna and Gustov married young and were in a relationship for a number of years before they met, but this fact does not stop them from falling in love. It is also seen that they are in fact not in love with their spouses when Chekhov states that

Holocaust-WW2 Related Events (American History) Research Paper

Holocaust-WW2 Related Events (American History) - Research Paper Example They did not have any proper policy to run such a huge rescue operation. Moreover, it was really difficult for the refugees to get into the United States as the refugee policy of the country was such that refugees were unable to get entry visas. Such a policy was made by the US because of anti-Semitism, isolationism, economic depression and xenophobia. (THE UNITED STATES AND THE HOLOCAUST, n.d.) When the Jews in Europe were getting victimized by the Nazis, American Jews were not able to stand beside their European counter part. This is because most of the American Jews were settled in the country for a very short period of time. They did not have enough power to stand up against American government as there was hardly any unity among the American Jews. No major American Jewish community was there in between 1930 to 1940, though there were many small ones. The Jewish Labor Committee was ready to talk to the Nazi government regarding the holocaust. American Jewish Committee which was mainly formed of Americanized German Jews decided to deal the issue politically and quietly. There was not any Jewish group which could raise its voice against the government. There was no channel through which the president of American Jewish Congress, Rabbi Stephen S. Wise could contact the president Roosevelt; and the American Jews were not ready to help him in this regard. These were the main reasons behind the inability of the American Jewish to pressurize the Roosevelt administration (American Jewry and the Holocaust,

Women During the Civil War Essay Example for Free

Women During the Civil War Essay Women during the Civil War helped as nurses, cooks, solider, and spies. Women in the North also worked for the United States Sanitary Commission. â€Å"The primary national relief organization, coordinating donations to the Union. † The role southern women played during the Civil War was also to cook, be spies, the duties of the man while in his absence. â€Å"Women worked in munitions plants, as clerks in government offices, and as a sales force in retail businesses. † Clara Barton a famous Civil War nurse, she followed the troops into battle and worked alongside doctors. Barton later founded the American Red Cross (Schultz, 2012). The war affected both the women on Union and the Confederate side because in the absence of the men, women had to ensure all the duties were completed. Black slaves fighting during the Civil War concerned many individuals. People were fearful of the idea of arming a Black man. In case they would revolt back and kill for their freedom. People feared the idea of the black slaves willing to do anything to become free. Black slaves played a huge role in the American Civil War this was mainly because slaves were a large population of the South. Nearly 3. 5 million people in the Confederate side were slaves (Schultz, 2012). Black slaves were offered an opportunity to become free by serving in the war, but this enticement was only offered as a last resort, because of the desperate need of men to fight the war. The only down side to this was that even freed many blacks were not equal to white men. Black solider rarely ever became officers and the only time they command white men was when their whiteness was not so evident (The Civil War,2013) They were not given equal pay, or allowed to vote. While many slave owners did not want to arm black slaves they desperately needed help in fighting.

A Critique of The Giver :: Giver Essays

A Critique of The Giver The purpose of this book was to show us a possible version of a "Utopia". It was a fantasy oriented book, that was suppose to make you think about the possibilities for the future. The setting is a supposedly perfect society where everyone is taken care of and no one is different. The author Lois Lowry does a fine job portraying this supposedly "ideal" society. This book began with a description of sameness and release the two general principles the society functions on. It then continues while Jonas (the main character) waits to receive his assignment in the community. Waiting to find out what his assignment is, and what it entails doing are rises in action. The climax is when the plan to escape the society is being conceived and the actual escape itself. The falling action is when he is escaping from the search planes and trying to keep himself and Gabriel alive. The ending is when he feels triumph at the top of the hill and then sleds down it to his new family, his first memory that belongs to him. There were many characters in this book the main one being Jonas. Jonas is a child in this supposed "Utopia" who ends up with the most important assignment of all the "Receiver of Memory". The Receiver holds all the memories of the whole community so the community does not have to be bothered with feelings and the emotional baggage that comes with them. Jonas's trainer the "Giver" is a old man who passes the memories on to Jonas and eventually thinks of the plan to escape. The Giver also adopts Jonas and Rosemary as his own kids in a way. He had a previous "Receiver" named Rosemary who applied for and received release. Release is the term for death in this community. So when Rosemary was released her memories went back to the community. Jonas and the Giver were talking about this when the Giver got the idea of how to get Jonas away from the community and get the community back its emotions and feelings. Gabriel was a another influential character he was a baby staying with Jonas's family till he was

Typography

Typefaces vary greatly – they have different looks and deferent meanings for people. Certain typefaces are very formal and elegant; others are casual and relaxed. Some typefaces suggest antiquity; others are very modern. The point is that, Just as the size of the television screen affects television programs, so do the typefaces chosen affect how people will Interpret a given message. † (Berger 2008) Here are 4 example of typography that I will explore In the essay. First, we have the phase Happy Birthday. This example of happy birthday is a happy feeling for a hill's birthday.It gives the impression of fun, excitement. The use of purple let you know that this will be a little girl's party. You can use bright purple when promoting children's products. â€Å"We are affected by the size of a given typeface because size affects the way we respond to the design of individual letters† (Berger 2008). This is why I decided to use a large type size for this phase. Happy B irthday Magnolia Grove Bed ; Breakfast Jackson, Mississippi This example Is a way to combine typefaces with similar proportions. â€Å"ProportionsInvolves how they relate to one another In general, relative to the size or area of the visual field being 200). Here, two hard-w;irking typefaces assigned supporting roles: the Brush Script MET that serves as the spotlight by appearing big and the Basketballs Old Face serves for text. Love is patient and kind This example of script font is elegant and formal. This typography is a design that you would use for a wedding. Script fonts are usually use for formal invitation such as wedding invitations such as wedding, formal dinner parties or in my case I use this font when I am scrapbook.This typography has a feminine feel to me Mexico This example really reminds me of a Mexico. The bold color of red Is an example of all the bright and bold colors of Mexico. Why is typography important? Typography has many advantages and its use has Decode Important Tort various communications on a global level. Learn more auto why the use of type is a staple in everyday life and how its use is something on which we all rely. Reference Berger, A. (2008). Seeing is Believing: An Introduction to Visual Communication (3rd deed. ). New York: McGraw-Hill

Deception in the Twelfth Night Essay

Deception is seen widely throughout the play Twelfth Night by William Shakespeare. Many characters are very clear about who they are and what their motives are, while some are more manipulative. Deception is shown through the clearness of Orsino’s character and the way Viola (Cesario) deceives people to play a man. Orsino is a character in the Twelfth Night that is considered much understood. He is very upfront about his actions and motives. This is portrayed in the way that Orsino loves Olivia and the way he will do anything it takes to get her to be with him. He makes it very clear that there is only one thing that he wants: to be with Olivia. As Orsino states his love in the play, â€Å"Oh, when mine eyes did see Olivia first, methought she purged the air of pestilence. That instant was I turned into a hart, and my desires, like fell and cruel hounds, e’er since pursue me† (1. 1. 20-24). He is very upfront about who he is; as the count, he is better than the people around him and gets what he wants. The way that Olivia thinks so highly of him as a Duke, demonstrates how he is better than the people around him: â€Å"Yet I suppose him virtuous, know him noble, of great estate, of fresh and stainless youth. In voices well divulged, free, learned, and valiant; and in dimension and the shape of nature, a gracious person† (1. 5. 260-64). Orsino is a noteable character who is straightforward and determined to get what he wants. Viola (Cesario), on the other hand, is completely deceptive of who she is. Although she deceptively dresses as a man, Viola does it so that she can stay alive in Illyria. The Captain is the only one who really knows what Viola is doing. As the Captain says, â€Å"Be you his eununch, and mute I’ll be. When my tongue blabs, then let mine eyes not see,† (1. 3. 65-66) which he also knows the reasons of doing. Throughout the entire play, Viola has to lie about who she is, but hints about her secret occasionally, like when she speaks with Orsino: â€Å"I am all the daughters of my father’s house, and all the brothers, too—and yet I know not†.   Viola is a main example of a character that is deceptive by their appearance in the Twelfth Night. Deception is being deceived or mislead by false appearances or statements. There are different kinds of deception in the Twelfth Night, by appearance or by Shakespeare’s word choice. Deception by appearance is an easily seen trait throughout different characters in the play. Orsino is a great example of someone who is the opposite of deceptive, whereas Viola is one of the most deceptive by her appearance and can be seen throughout the play the Twelfth Night.

Find out What Marine Conservation Is

Find out What Marine Conservation Is Marine conservation is also known as ocean conservation. The health of all life on Earth depends (directly or indirectly) on a healthy ocean. As humans began to realize their increasing impacts on the ocean, the field of marine conservation arose in response. This article discusses the definition of marine conservation, techniques used in the field, and some of the most important ocean conservation issues. Marine Conservation Definition Marine conservation is the protection of marine species and ecosystems in oceans and seas worldwide. It involves not only protection and restoration of species, populations, and habitats but also mitigating human activities such as overfishing, habitat destruction, pollution, whaling and other issues that impact marine life and habitats. A related term you may encounter is marine conservation biology, which is the use of science to solve conservation issues.   Brief History of Ocean Conservation People became more aware of their impacts on the environment in the 1960s and 1970s. Around this same time, Jacques Cousteau brought the wonder of the oceans to people through television. As scuba diving technology improved, more people took to the undersea world. Whalesong recordings fascinated the public, helped people recognize whales as sentient beings, and led to whaling bans. Also in the 1970s, laws were passed in the U.S. regarding protection of marine mammals (Marine Mammal Protection Act), protection of endangered species (Endangered Species Act), overfishing (Magnuson Stevens Act) and clean water (Clean Water Act), and establishing a National Marine Sanctuary Program (Marine Protection, Research and Sanctuaries Act). In addition, the  International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships was enacted to reduce ocean pollution. In more recent years, as ocean issues came to the forefront, the U.S. Commission on Ocean Policy was established in 2000 to develop recommendations for a new and comprehensive national ocean policy.  This led to the creation of the National Ocean Council, which is charged with implementing the National Ocean Policy, which establishes a framework for managing the ocean, Great Lakes, and coastal areas, encourages more coordination between the Federal, state and local agencies charged with managing ocean resources, and using marine spatial planning effectively. Marine Conservation Techniques Marine conservation work can be done by enforcing and creating laws, such as the Endangered Species Act and Marine Mammal Protection Act. It can also be done by establishing marine protected areas, studying populations through conducting stock assessments and mitigating human activities with the goal of restoring populations.    An important part of marine conservation is outreach and education. A popular environmental education quote by conservationist Baba Dioum states that In the end, we will conserve only what we love; we will love only what we understand; and we will understand only what we are taught. Marine Conservation Issues Current and emerging issues in marine conservation include: Ocean acidificationClimate change and warming ocean temperatures.Sea level riseReducing bycatch in marine fisheries and entanglements in fishing gear.Establishing marine protected areas  to protect important habitats, commercially and/or recreationally-valuable species and feeding and breeding areas.Regulating whalingProtecting coral reefs through studying the problem of coral bleaching.Addressing the worldwide problem of invasive species.Marine debris and the issue of plastics in the ocean.Dealing with the problem of shark finning.Oil spills (an issue the public became well aware of thanks to the Exxon Valdez and Deepwater Horizon spills).The ongoing debate of the appropriateness of cetaceans in captivity.Studying and protecting endangered species (e.g., North Atlantic right whale, vaquita, sea turtles, monk seals and many other threatened and endangered species). References and Further Information: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Story: Marine Conservation. Accessed November 30, 2015.ScienceDaily Reference. Marine Conservation. Accessed November 30, 2015.U.S. Commission on Ocean Policy. 2004. Review of U.S. Ocean and Coastal Law: The Evolution of Ocean Governance Over Three Decades. Accessed November 30. 2015.  U.S. Commission on Ocean Policy. About the Commission.  Accessed November 30, 2015.The United States Environmental Protection Agency. Ocean Dumping Timeline. Accessed November 30, 2015.

Saying That in Spanish

Saying That in Spanish That is one of those words in English that has no straightforward answer to the question: How do you translate that to Spanish? More so than most words, translating that to Spanish requires you to understand how it is used in a sentence and what it means. A quite common word, it can function as a pronoun, conjunction, adjective or adverb - or be part of phrases where its meaning is less than clear. That as an Adjective When that is used an adjective, it most often is used to point to a particular thing or person. In such cases, it functions as a demonstrative adjective. The most common demonstrative adjectives used for that are ese (masculine), esa (feminine), aquel (masculine) and aquella (feminine). Generally, objects referred to with ese or esa are not as far away in space or time as ones accompanied by aquel or aquella. Im going to buy myself that car. Me voy a comprar ese coche.That car (over there) is better than yours. Aquel coche es mejor que el tuyo.I want that computer!  ¡Quiero esa computadora! Less frequently, that can be used to refer to someone or something that was mentioned earlier. Using dicho or dicha is a possible translation: At the end of the video one can observe that that woman (the one mentioned earlier) is betrayed before her very eyes. Al final del video se puede observar que dicha mujer es traiconada ante sus propios ojos.I would like to acquire that car (that weve been talking about). Me gustarà ­a adquirir dicho coche. That as a Subject or Object Pronoun Usually, when that is used as subject or object pronoun, it is used much the same way as the demonstrative adjectives discussed above, except that it stands by itself without the noun, becoming a demonstrative pronoun. The forms are the same as the adjectives listed above, although an  orthographic accent is used used by some writers even though it is not not strictly necessary. Im going to buy myself that. Me voy a comprar à ©se.That (over there) is better than yours. Aquà ©l es mejor que el tuyo.I want that!  ¡Quiero à ©sa! If that refers to a sentence, a thought or something that is unknown (and therefore its gender not known), eso (no accent) is used: That is a good idea. Eso es una buena idea.What is that?  ¿Quà © es eso?All that cant be free. Todo eso no puede ser gratis. In many cases, that as a subject pronoun doesnt have to be translated at all, especially where it could be used as well. For example, thats impossible could usually be translated as either eso es imposible or merely es imposible. That as a Relative Pronoun When that is used as a relative pronoun, it introduces a phrase or clause that provides more information about a noun, which it follows. This concept is probably easier to understand with examples, where that is generally translated by the Spanish que: This is the house that youre looking for. Ésta es la casa que buscas.She is the student that knows nothing. Es la estudiante que sabe nada.El Bulli is a restaurant that is found in Girona. El Bulli es un restaurante que se encuentra en Girona. If that can be replaced by who or which with little change in meaning, it is probably functioning as a relative pronoun. If the relative pronoun that is used in an English sentence that ends in a preposition, you may need to use the relative pronoun el cual or its variations (la cual, los cuales or las cuales, depending on number and gender) following a Spanish preposition: Its the juice  that you couldnt live without. Es el jugo sin el cual no podrà ­as vivir.She is a woman that many dont pay attention to. Es una mujer a la cual muchos no le ponen atencià ³n. That as a Conjunction Although that may not seem like a conjunction, it often functions as one (a subordinating conjunction, to be precise) when it follows a verb. Typically, que can be used in translation: The boss said that he is happy with my work. El jefe me dijo que est contento con mi trabajo.I understand that I cant be forced to sign this document. Comprendo que no se me puede forzar a firmar este documento.He knows that we know that such an aspiration is stupidity. Él sabe que nosotros sabemos que tal pretensià ³n es una estupidez. That as an Adverb Usually, that as an adverb is the rough equivalent of so and can be translated as tan. He isnt that smart. No es tan inteligente.Yes, its that important to wash your hands. Sà ­, es tan importante lavarse los manos. That in Phrases and Idioms In phrases and idioms, the translation of that is often unpredictable. There are probably too many such phrases to be memorized; it is probably better to try to think of what the phrase means and translate accordingly. Here are some examples of how you might translate phrases using that: And thats that!:  ¡Y eso es todo!At that: He is a writer, and a good one at that. Es escritor, y adems de los buenos.Despite that: They charged for Ubuntu despite that it is free. Cobraron Ubuntu a pesar de que es gratis.How to you like that?:  ¿Quà © te parece?In order that, so that: We need your help in order that the campaign be successful. Necesitamos su ayuda a fin de que la campaà ±a tenga à ©xito. Evil exists so that people can appreciate what is good. El mal existe para que las personas puedan apreciar lo que es bueno.Like that: Why do politicians talk like that?  ¿Por quà © hablan asà ­ los polà ­ticos?That I know of: Nobody has cloned me that I know of. Que yo sepa nadie me ha clonado.That is to say: Excel 2007 didnt know how to multiply. That is to say, it made mistakes. Excel 2007 no sabà ­a multiplicar. Es decir, se equivocaba.

Will significant peace wver prevail between Palestine and Israel Essay

Will significant peace wver prevail between Palestine and Israel - Essay Example The peace process is usually used to describe various paths taken in order to secure lasting peace to the conflict. Indeed, over the years, various attempts have been made in securing lasting peace and these include the Rogers peace plan and the Saddat initiative (1970 – 1972), Madrid Conference (1991), Oslo Accords (1993), Hebron Agreement (1997), Wye River Memorandum (1998), Camp David 2000 Summit (2000), Clinton’s â€Å"Parameters† and the Taba talks (2000 – 2001), Beirut Summit (2002), the â€Å"Road Map† for Peace (2002 – 2003), Israel-Hamas ceasefire of 2008 (2008), the 2010 direct talks (2010) and other alternative peace proposals. Despite these efforts, the prospect of everlasting peace is still far from realization. The major obstacle in achieving significant peace in the Israelis-Palestinian conflict is the lack of good will among leaders of both sides. Most often, promises to carry out peace deal were not kept by the Israeli as wel l as the Palestinian leaders. Furthermore, peace negotiations have been interrupted by outbreaks of hostilities between both sides. Other issues that stand against lasting peace in the conflict are related to borders and division of the land, Palestinians’ concern over Israelis settlements in the West Bank, the status of Jerusalem, Israelis’ concern over security, terrorism, safety and violence, right of return of Palestinian refugees living in the Palestinian Diaspora and the emotional bitterness among Israelis and Palestinians. The key issue on the Israelis side that hampers lasting peace is security concern.

Journal Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 33

Journal - Assignment Example He tries to show that one does not need to live in denial, but can accept his/her condition by living positively. The writer of this book shows that cancer patients can do what cancer-free people can do. A cancerous patient does not need to feel that it is the end, but another challenge of life. Hitchens points out that a patient needs to take medication very seriously. He argues that a chemotherapy, radiation or surgeries are the main treatments that a cancerous patient may encounter (Hitchens 619). Hitchens argues that people do not have cancer, but rather battle cancer. The author implies that the treatment of cancer is a process, and a patient must follow in order to be healthy. Hitchens is a good example of persons battling with cancer. With a positive mentality, Hitchens shows that a cancerous person can easily recover. It shows that cancerous patients must have hope and get the required treatment. Cancer patients should not think that they cannot enjoy life just as cancer-free